Manor was the basic organization form of feudal serf system, as well as a unit of production and administration. All the Tibetan manors belonged to the lairds of feudal officials, monasteries and aristocrats. The lairds sent their deputies to manage the manors or they managed the manors themselves. The manor was just like village, in the center of which two or three storied castle was constructed. The lairds and their deputies lived in the castle. Around the castle were low and sloppy cabins, in which lived serfs.

In the manors, the land was classified into contracted land, managed by lairds or their deputies, and corvee land, cultured by the errands. The serfs suffered heavy exploitation and without any freedom. Owing to the lowest productivity and the heaviest exploitation, after one year's hard work the serfs could not get clothes to cover their bodies and enough food to drive off their hunger. In order to imitate the western people's life style, the lairds constructed villa in the suburbs of Lhasa. So the serfs had to take the heavy work of construction. In addition, shaman and Tibetan soldiers became more and more, fewer people took up the labour. All the things led to poverty of the serfs. Soon, the serfs went away from the manors and flooded into Lhasa, becoming the beggars and bummers.