The pro-imperialist separatists in the Tibetan government headed by the Prince Regent Dagiha absolutely refused all principles and measures proposed by the Central Government for the peaceful liberation of Tibet and did their upmost to impede the Central Government's efforts to mediate a settlement. They assembled 8,000 soldiers of the Tibetan army and local militias in Qamdo and along the western bank of the Jinshajiang River in an attempt to halt the advance of the PLA into Tibet. In early October 1950, several days after the deadline set by the Central Government for Tibet to send a delegation to Beijing, the PLA Southwest Military Area engaged with the Tibetan troops at Qamdo. With the assistance of the local Tibetan people, the PLA liberated Qamdo on October24. routing the main force of the Tibetan army. This created favorable conditions for the peaceful liberation of Tibet.

During the Qamdo Battle, Dege Galsang Wangdu, a Tibetan army brigade commander, was stationed in Ningjing (Mangkam), responded to the call of the Central Government for the peaceful liberation of Tibet, and led his 380 soldiers in a mutiny. Qamdo Superintendent Ngapoi Ngawang Jigmei contacted the advancing PLA troops and ordered his army of 2,700 to lay down their arms. All these contributed greatly to the PLA victory in the Qamdo Battle and paved the way for the peaceful liberation of Tibet.

The liberation of Qamdo was a telling blow to the pro-imperialist separatists in the Tibetan government, smashing the plots of the imperialists, inspiring the patriotic spirit of the people and creating favorable conditions for liberation. From a military standpoint, this was the opportune moment for the PLA to continue its advance into Tibet. However as the CPC Central Committee and Central People's Government persisted in the principle of peacefully liberating Tibet, the PLA was ordered to stop remain at Qamdo and await the arrival of the delegation from Tibet.

After the liberation of Qamdo, the Southwest Military and Political Committee and the Southwest Military Area jointly promulgated the Ten-Section Notice on the Peaceful Liberation of Tibet in Chinese and Tibetan languages. The content is as follows:

1.The Tibetan people shall unite to expel the aggressive powers of British and American imperialism from Tibet and to return to the PRC family.

2.Tibet shall implement the national regional autonomy.

3.The existing political system in Tibet shall be maintained. The status and power of the Dalai Lama shall not be changed, and various local officials continue to hold official posts.

4.The system of freedom of religious belief shall be implemented in Tibet, Lamaseries subject to State protection and the Tibetan people's customs, habits and religious beliefs respected.

5.The existing military system in Tibet shall be maintained, with the Tibetan military forces becoming part of the national defense army of the People's Republic of China.

6.Tibet shall be encouraged to develop its own language, script and school education.

7.Tibet shall be encouraged to develop agriculture, animal husbandry, industry and commerce, and improve the living standards of its people.

8.Overall reform shall be done in light of the will of the Tibetan people through consultation with the Tibetan people and officials.

9.Officials who were pro-British, pro-US or ro-KMT in the past may remain in their official posts, so long as they can sever these relations and stop opposing the Central Government and conducting sabotaging activities. They will not be punished for their former crimes.

10. The PLA shall enter Tibet for strengthened national defense. They will follow the above-mentioned policies. At the same time. they shall follow the policy of buying and selling goods at reasonable prices and not taking things from the local people. The expense of the PLA shall be financed by the Central People's Government.

The no1ice immediately calmed the local people. In addition to spreading the notice written in Tibetan to the areas west of the Jinshajiang River. the PLA sent work teams to the more remote regions where herders and farmers lived. explaining the policics and principles of the PLA. Meanwhile, they released the Officers and soldiers of the Tibetan forces and allowed pilgrims to travel to Lhasa.

The Qanido campaign annihilated the major force of the Tibetan army. This shocked the Tibetan government. The proimperialists . with Prince Regent Dagiha at the core. began to panic. They met to plan hot failed to produce countermeasures. Struggle between those for armed retaliation and for a negotiated peace became fierce and the ruling group Nplit. Prince Regent Dagiha, who had ruled Tibet for 10 years, was forced to resign. On November 17,1950, the 14th Dalai Lama took over the governing of Tibet. Although the pro-imperialist separatists of the Dagzha clique suffered serious setbacks, they were not reconciled to defeat. In the Ninall hours of December 19, 1950, they kidnapped the IS-year-old 14th Dalai Lana to Yadong waiting for a chance to cross the border into India, This raised the public concern. Delegates from the three Iargest monasteries in Lhasa traveled to Yadong, demanding the Dalai return. Some on the upper ruling class voicod opposition to the 14th Dalai Lama's leaving Tibet and called for negotiations with the Central Government.