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The Painting and Sculpture

Painting: The murals and tangka paintings hanging in the monasteries of Shannan embody a local style of painting. The subjects include legends, religious themes, and production and life activities from the Tubo period to the Ming and Qing dynasties. They vividly describe the Tibetan people's social and religious history, as well as daily life and the means of production. The murals in the Woze Hall of the Samye Monastery, for example, not only include the Epic Painting of Tibet, the Epic Painting of Samye, and the Biography of Padmasambhava, but also Dances and Acrobatics, Weightlifting and Judo, Track and Field Competitions and Horseracing. They are vivid depiction of Tibetan historical development. The murals in the Buddhist Hall of the Zhatang Monastery, which was built in the 11th century, are reasonably arranged. The colors are faded simple, and the style and character resemble those found in the Dunhuang Grottoes. This style is rarely seen in Tibetan painting and therefore possesses great value to the study of Tibetan history, the Yarlung Culture, and the development of Tibetan Buddhism.

Sculpture: Stone sculptures in Shannan and around Tibet are almost entirely related to religion. The Samye Monastery is home to some of the finest examples of stone sculpture in Tibet. It houses the greatest number and the most exquisite examples, including bass-relief and sculpture in the round. The subjects include birds, fish, other animals, insects, flowers and other plants, as well as historical figures and Buddhas and Budhisattvas. Their great numbers, vast subjects and rich contents are unique in Tibet. There are five large stone pagodas set between Songgar Village of Chanang County and the Samye Monastery. They were carved from local boulders and set along both sides of the two-kilometer stretch of road leading to the monastery. It is said that these five pagodas were carved by an eminent Indian monk invited by Trisun Detsan during the 8th century.

The Dingboqen Monastery in Chanang County has preserved a surprising number of stone carving. The more than 1,000 pieces include bass-relief, sculpture in the round, and deep-rlief carvings. The principal subjects include the historical Buddha, the Matraya Buddha, Padmasambhava, Tangdong Gyibo, Songtsan Gambo and the 5th Dalai Lama. Some Buddhist scriptures were carved in Tibetan, while others were in Sanskrit, Pagba script and Nepalese.

The stone lion set in front of the tomb of Trisun Detsan is a exquisite example of the art of stone sculpting. The stone lion, which stands 1.45 meters tall, squats facing the tomb. The eyes are staring wide and the fangs are showing. The mane is made up of tight curls. The carving is clear and smooth. The chest of the lion is raised straight, while the tail naturally rolls to the left side. The entire shape of the lion looks strong, haughty and fierce.

A group of stone sculptures of human skeletons inlaid in the east wall base of the Lhalung Monastery in Lhozha County are the most unique and most mysterious stone sculptures related to the monasteries in Tibet. The skeletons, arranged in four rows, were carved on a 30 centimeter square stone. When the wall was built, the stone skeletons were put inside the wall with the surface facing out. When seen from afar, they seem like rows of humans buried in the wall.

Clay Sculptures: Shannan's clay arts are found in the various styles of clay temple statues. The larger works can measure as much as five or six meters tall, while the smallest can fit in a human hand. In addition to various kinds of Buddhist statues, subjects also include well-known historical figures such as Songtsan Gambo and Princess Wencheng, as well as pavilions, flowers, insects, fish, birds in flight and animals in motion, wind, clouds, the sun and the moon.

Wooden Sculptures: Various kinds of exquisite wooden sculptures decorate bams, pillars, and niches in temples and monasteries. Wooden sculptures decorate beams, pillars, and niches in temples and monasteries. Wooden carvings can also be seen on beams, pillars and windows in many homes. For example, the high and flat cabinets in many homes are decorated with continuous wooden carved designs. On the top of the cabinet are lotus flowers and eight treasure designs carved in complete relief. They are painted in various bright colors.

Literature and Art: Shannan, one of the birth places of Tibetan culture, has produced a large number of outstanding scholars and artists. The 5th Dalai Lama Lobsang Gyamco, born in Qoingyai County, wrote a book entitled "Tibetan Kings and Officials" at the age of 27. The epic vividly describes the history of Tibet from the early period to the 10th century when Gushis Khan was in power. In addition, he also wrote 30 or so works such as New Interpretation of Being, Lectures on the Course of the Order of Bodhi and The Course of Introduction to Compassion.

The 6th Dalai Lama Canyang Gyamco, born in Cona Moiny, was also a literary talent. His lover poems have been praised and widely spread over all parts of Tibet. In addition, in the 11th century, the eminent monk Mila Riba at the Sanggar Godor Monastery, Lhozha County, translated Buddhist scriptures into Thousand Songs with a simple and common language that allowed more access to ordinary Tibetans. This played a great role in the dissemination of Buddhist doctrines.

The eminent monk Bawo Chola Chengwa of the Lhalung Monastery in Lhozha County conscientiously studied history and wrote a book entitled A Feast of Wise Men that was handed down to later generation. It is valuable historical material for the study of Tibetan religious history. In the early part of the 18th century, Yedorgar Cering Wanggyai wrote the novel Xunnu Meida, which has occupied an important position in the history of Tibetan literature.

Sport: sport activities among the Yarlung ethnic group have a long history. As early as 1,000 years age, there were sports meets involving mountain climbing, stone throwing yak and horse racing, and shooting. However, under the historical conditions at that time, these activities were only held during major religious festivals.

After 1959, with the effects of economic development and improvements in living standards, sports have been unprecedentedly developed. In particular, since the establishment of the Shannan Sports Committee in August of 1974, organized sports in the area have emerged in a formal way. Basketball, mountain climbing, tug of war competitions, horseracing and track and field activities have been organized frequently and are well received.

The Shannan Sports Committee has a qualified contingent of coaches, judges, and trainers, including ten State-level or above judges, three coaches and 40 full-time sports professionals. In addition, the Chess and Cards Association, the Farmers and Herders Sports Association, the Senior Citizens Sports Association and other mass organizations have been set up.

In 1976, Shannan founded a spare-time sports school. The students undertake both cultural lessons and sports training. In the same year, the sports team representing Shannan Prefecture took part in the autonomous region's teenager track and field sports meet and won a third place in the total team score. Now the school has track and field, ping pong and soccer classes, nurturing a great number of outstanding players for the sports undertakings of Tibet.

In September of 1975, Shannan Prefecture organized a team to participate in the second games of the Tibet Autonomous Region. More than 10 players broke records in 25 events in the games. In August of 1985, the prefecture organized another team and took part in the region's throwing competitions. The prefecture took a team second. One shot-putter broke the region's teenager record. In August of 1987, the Shannan team claimed first place in the teenagers track and field competitions held by the prefecture. In August of 1988, the prefecture's team took part in the first teenagers games held by the autonomous region. Five players set regional record. In October of 1998, the prefecture sent a team to the National Farmers Games held in Beijing. Dawa Cezhen broke the Tibetan record in the 1500-meter and 3000-meter track events and was awarded a citation for moral character.

According to different conditions in the various schools, the Shannan Sports Committee conducts physical education classes based on track and field in primary and middle schools. Since 1979, track and field and soccer competitions have been held in primary and middle schools. The 7th set of children's exercises set to music and the 5th set of juvenile exercises set to music have been actively promoted, laying a good foundation for the training of personnel in the overall development of moral, intellectual and physical education.

In 1974, the prefecture's sports committee set up a 3.3-hectare sport facility including a shooting range, two basketball courts, a soccer pitch, and a six-land, 400-meter track. Bleachers as well as an open-air basketball court for 3,000 spectators were also built.

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